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JRF Agronomy syllabus for agriculture agronomy subjects

JRF Agronomy syllabus is given below.

Unit I - General - Importance of Agriculture in National Economy, basic principles of crop production, Major soils of India, the role of NPK and their deficiency symptoms, cultivation. Structure and function of cell organelles. Mendelian Genetics, elementary knowledge of photosynthesis, respiration, photorespiration, and transpiration. major pests and diseases of rice, wheat, cotton, chickpea, sugarcane, and their management. Important rural development programs in India. Organizational set up of agricultural research, education, and extension in India. Elements of statistics.

Unit II - Principles of Agronomy, Crop ecology and geography, and Agricultural Meteorology. Agronomy meaning and scope, National and International agricultural research institutes in India. Agro-climatic zones of India, crop stand establishment and planting geometry and their effect on the crop. Principles of field experimentation. Principles of crop ecology and crop adaptation, climate shift, and its ecological implications, Agro-ecological regions in India. Role of GIS and GPS in agriculture, weather & climate, Earth's atmosphere, Solar radiation, atmospheric temperature, and global warming.

Unit III - Field crops, origin, distribution, economic importance, soil, and climatic requirement, varieties, cultural practices, and yield of cereals, pulses, oil-seeds, fiber crops, sugar crops, fodder & forage crops, medicinal & aromatic plants, and commercial crops.

Unit IV - Weed Management, Principles of weed management, classification, biology, and ecology of weeds, concepts and methods of weed control, integrated weed management, classification, formulations, selectivity and resistance of herbicides, application methods and equipment, special and problematic weeds and their management in cropped and non-cropped situations, weed management in field crops.

Unit V - Water Management, water resources and irrigation development in India, water and irrigation requirements, concepts and approaches of irrigation scheduling, methods of irrigation, measurement of irrigation water, application, distribution, and use efficiencies, irrigation water quality, and its management, water management in a major field. Agricultural damage.

Unit VI - Soil fertility and fertilizer use, essential plant nutrients and their deficiency symptoms, the concept of essentiality of plant nutrients, indicators of soil fertility and productivity, fertilizer materials, and their availability of plants.

Unit VII - Dryland Agronomy - Characteristics of dryland farming and delineation of dryland tracts, constraints of dryland farming in India, types of drought and their management, planning, and mid-season corrections for aberrant weather and its recycling. Watershed management.

Unit VIII - Problem Soils and their distribution in India, Characteristics, and reclamation of these soils, crop production techniques in problem oils.

Unit IX - Sustainable land-use systems, sustainable agriculture, parameters and indicators, conservation agriculture, safe disposal of agri-industrial waste for crop production, Agroforestry systems, shifting cultivation, alternate land-use systems, wastelands and their remediation for crop production.