The management pattern in any organization has been involving tremendous changes in all the sectors. Centralized system of management has been an aspect which has been in to existence in any organization some time back. This trend has been changing as people tend to communicate their opinion in all terms. Participation of people in all the sections has been a growing trend. In such a situation SBM has been an evolving and an ongoing process which aims at contributions from all side.

School Based Management – Basic Concept

Initiatives based on education has been evolving on a small pace in several sections .Despite the government initiatives and commitment towards education sector, equitable and efficient education programs aimed at different sections in a country is till a failure .In India, the number of girls and people who are below poverty line are still have limited access to the educational benefits as such. In India, these issues are being dealt with much seriousness and plans are being scheduled to provide in Full and equal education to the entire low income group as part of the development initiatives by the government.

The quality of education which has been imparted to children is very poor in spite of the suitable and level of educational resources that are provided. The central government along with co – ordination with all the various state governments are implementing various initiatives to improve the mode and final delivery of education to the population as such. When we say mode and delivery it also involves at aiming the quality of education that should /will be provided.

One of the important initiatives towards achieving those objectives is the introduction of decentralized form in taking decisions by bringing in more participation from the sections of people who are involved in that. This concept is fundamentally called School Based Management System (SBM). There have been quite a good number of schools which have been implementing this concept of SBM .This is done by way of empowering the central authority and is aimed at increasing their motivational skills. The parental involvement has been going up after the introduction of SBM in India.

SBM – Defined in simple terms

School based Management involves a system where in the authority levels  has been decentralized to the school level. The school has to be in with certain centralized policies .More participation has been encouraged from the sides of principals, Parents, teachers, students committee etc. With regard to the power and the authority to make decisions as well as the level of decision that can be extended should also be transferred in to those hands which can deal with it in the possible manner.  In majority of the cases some extend the authority to the teachers, principals while some other encourage more parental and community participation. The SBM programme which has been evolved in UK and US it has been very fastly been implemented to the other developed and developing countries.

Why SBM important - One main objective is that it improves the accountability between principal and teachers to students as well as between teachers and parents. SBM should or aims at improving the educational results.

Concept behind School Based Management (SBM)

The education sector is nowadays is very demanding in nature .It always involves financial, technical and managerial aspects which are important. Good levels of education not only involves or needs physicalconditions such as classrooms, students, teachers, books etc but also are in need of better incentives that lead to education too.

SBM identifies mainly three main concepts such as choice and competition,

School accountability and autonomy. Parents are always interested in enhancing their children’s learning outcomes by admitting them to the most productive schools regarding academic performances. Thus schools will focuses on improving the performance while competing with the other institutions as well maintaining their standards.

Decentralization and local decision making have a positive effect on the institution as it helps in increasing the level of graduation and other tests results. In Indian context  , the main objective of SBM  is to bring in parents and other communities in to the forefront in case of decision making rather than keeping them in control with out any opportunity to participate in the decision making process in a school .

The role of Central government is predominant in case SBM as includes how the policies regarding SBM are well implemented. Community members always form part of SBM as these members may be parents of children who are enrolled there and they can spit in their opinions regarding school managing initiatives. SBM results in improving school initiatives and achievements. Further to this it also helps in better monitoring of student performances, school initiatives, a good match between school policies and procedures as well the most effective utilization of the resources on a large.

SBM also offer training for the members of the committee in enhancing their interpersonal, managerial skills in decision making so that they can be more active participants.

The Hierarchy in Individual Participation in SBM

This mainly involves the decision regarding who gets the maximum decision power while implementing SBM.

Administrative Control SBM involves the full authority to the principal as such .Under these, each person is accountable to the central board. It involves the benefit of increasing the efficiency of expenditures both on personnel and curriculum to only one single authority. Professional control SBM involves the full authority to the teachers as it aims at motivating the teachers to devote their time, knowledge and skill to the better development of the school and developing the efficiency and effectiveness in teaching.

Balanced control SBM aims at sharing the control between parents and teachers .It takes advantage about the teacher’s knowledge in improving school development and also to make the schools more accountable to parents. Community control SBM vests the power in the hands of parents and Community .More response towards parents need can be reflected in this model.

SBM model aims at finding answer to the question that how decentralization will help in improving the student’s academic performance. SBM model should clearly define which are the powers which are vested in the hands of different people and how these plans can be evenly co-coordinated or distributed with the available resources and within the school culture. The vital success of SBM rests in the hands of school principals for supporting the decentralization.

SBM is very much clear in case of concepts and can be implemented by combining it. The profitability of this measure can be increased by central government making all their state government to be more accountable by making the school stakeholders to participate actively in framing policies. Further more , there is a growing need for the central government to spread about the SBM innovations at school level  and cite examples related innovative SBM programs.