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Sir,i wanted to know the syllabus for msc biotech for 2011

i want some modelpapers of biotechnology

Dear,
The syllabus is like this-

1. Diversity of Living World (5 Questions)

Taxonomic aids, keys, specimen management; Systematics & binomial system of nomenclature; Classification of living organisms (5 kingdom system, major groups and principles of classification within each group); General description & Salient features of Monerans, Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals (with major groups).

2. Biochemistry (8 Questions)

Entropy, Enthalpy; Gibb's free energy concept; Laws of thermodynamics; Acids & bases; pH & buffers; Structure, function & metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids; Enzymology: Classification and nomenclature of enzymes; Structure, Mechanism of action, single substrate and bi-substrate enzymes; Activators and inhibitors of enzymes; Factors affecting the activity of enzymes.

3. Plant Physiology (8 Questions)

Water relations: Properties of water, water in tissues and cells, Transport of water and solutes (food, nutrients, gases): Transport across cell membrane; soil-plant-atmosphere continuum; Minerals required by plant, their absorbable form, functions, deficiency symptoms, essentiality of minerals, N2 metabolism, biological N2 fixation; Cellular Metabolism: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, hormonal regulation; Oxidation of food, respiratory efficiency of various food components; transport and detoxification of ammonia, Lipid Metabolism; Photosynthesis: Basic principles of light absorption, excitation energy transfer, electron transports, cycles (C2, C3, C4 & CAM), plant productivity, measurement of photosynthetic parameters; Physiological responses to abiotic stresses; Sensory photobiology; Physiological affects and mechanism of action of plant growth hormones; Photoperiodism and its significance, endogenous clock and its regulation, floral induction and development, Vernalization; Plant movements; Seed dormancy.

4. Human Biology (8 Questions)

General Morphology & Anatomy; Physiology: Control and Disorders of Digestion, Respiration, Body fluids and Circulation, Homoeostasis, Excretion & Urea cycle, Skeleton system & muscle contraction, Nervous system; Immunobiology.

5. Classical Genetics (8 Questions)

Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendelian genetics, Post Mendelian inheritance; chromosomal theory of inheritance; Linkage, recombination & crossing over; recombination frequency, linkage map; Mutation: General properties of mutations; molecular basis of gene mutation: biochemical basis of gene mutation DNA repair mechanisms. Pedigree analysis; Human karyotype-banding; genetic and environmental basis of sex determination, Y- and X-linked genes, Numerical and Structural abnormalities of human chromosomes and related syndromes: Human metabolic disorders; Maternal inheritance; Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Chemical nature of DNA and RNA; Biological functions of nucleic acids; Search for genetic material, RNA world; Replication; Transcription and processing of RNA, Genetic code; Translation, posttranslational modification; Ribosomes; Regulation of Gene expression.

6. Cell & Molecular Biology (10 Questions)

History of cell biology; Microscopy; Staining technique; Centrifugation; Radio-labeling techniques (RIA); Immuno-blotting; ELISA; Study of cytoplasm & plasma membrane; Structure & Function of Cell-organelles; Genes & Genome; C-value paradox; DNA packaging: Nucleosome model; DNA super-coiling; DNA Replication, recombination & repair; Transcription & RNA splicing; Translation of protein & gene regulation.

7. Modern Genetics (10 Questions)

Gel Electrophoresis (Agarose/ PAGE/ SDS-PAGE/ Pulse-Field GE); Southern blotting, Northern blotting & Western Blotting; DNA Fingerprinting; Gene mapping; Chromosome banding; Genetics in modern agriculture, animal breeding, medicine, human behavior; Genetic Counseling; Gene therapy; HGP; Gene Activity in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Signals for gene control - Hormones and growth factors; Bacterial transformation, transduction and conjugation, Bacterial chromosome; Bacteriophages: Types, structure and morphology.

8. Evolutionary Biology (8 Questions)

Cosmic evolution - Physical basis of life; Theories of origin of life; Origin of life through biochemical evolution; Experimental evidences for origin of life; Evolution of the prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell; Direct & indirect evidences of evolution (specially study of fossils); Theories of organic evolution- Lamarckism & Darwinism; Speciation & variation; Origin and evolution of horse & man; Population Genetics; Genetic variations; Polymorphism; Gene frequency; Hardy Weinberg equilibrium; Genetic drift, Founder effect; Adaptive radiation; ecological significance of molecular variations.

9. Ecology (10 Questions)

Ecology: definition, study, branches; Concept of ecosystem; Organism and its environment, distribution of biomes, major physical factors and the physiological responses shown by organisms; Physical adaptation of plants and animals, rules governing adaptations; Population attributes and growth, logistic curves, Darwinian fitness; Population interactions and their theories; Ecosystem structure and functions, ecosystem productivity and standing crop, decomposition in nature, energy flow in ecosystem, ecological pyramids, succession of community; Biogeochemical cycles; Biodiversity types and its patterns, importance of diversity, its loss and their causes, conservation strategies ; Environmental issues : Types of pollution, their indicators, causes, effects, prevention and treatment ; Deforestation, recommended forestation, reforestation, case, Chipko Movement; Ozone layer depletion; Global warming; Green house effect.

10. Biostatistics (5 Questions)

General mathematical ability, Measures of central tendency (mean median & mode), standard deviation, variance & standard error, chi-square test.

11. Biology and Human Welfare (10 Questions)

Health and disease; types of diseases, common diseases in humans; Immunology - Innate and Acquired immunity; Passive and active immunization; Organization and structure of lymphoid organ; Cells of the immune system and their differentiation; Lymphocyte traffic; Nature of immune response; Structure and Functions of antibodies: Antigen- Antibody interactions; Humoral immune response; Cell mediated immunity; Immunological memory; Auto-immunity; Allergies; HLA system in human: MHC haplotypes; Transplantation types and problems; Immunodeficiency disorders; etiology of HIV; types, genetics and biochemistry of cancer; Drugs and alcohol abuse, Addiction, drug dependence, ill effects, prevention, its abuse in adolescents and its management; Strategies for food production and enhancement: Animal husbandry, management of farm animals, breeding strategies (natural and artificial) and their types, economic importance of each; Plant breeding, method of release of new variety, Single cell protein; Tissue culture technique, somatic hybridization; Microbes in Human Welfare: Technology associated and use of Microbes in household, industries, medicine, bio-active molecules, sewage treatment and sewage treatment plants, biogas production, bio-control agents, biofertilizers.

12. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (10 Questions)

Genetic engineering tools & technique; Technique of separation and isolation of DNA, RNA & Protein; Cryopreservation; Gene cloning, restriction enzymes, isoschizomers & isocaudomers; Cutting & joining of nucleic acids, linkers & adapters; Vectors (plasmid/ viral & phage vectors/ cosmid/ fosmid/ phasmid/ BAC/ YAC/ HAC), types of vectors (cloning & expression vectors/ shuttle vectors), vectors for plants (Ti plasmid & Ri plasmid), genomic and cDNA libraries, nucleotide sequence comparisons and homologies; RFLP, SNP, VNTR, STR, RAPD; General description, types & application of PCR; Bio-reactors, upstream & downstream processing, large scale production; Totipotency & Pleuripotency; Stem cell technology; Tissue engineering; Hybridoma technique: production, detection and applications of monoclonal antibodies; Study of vaccines: mechanism of vaccination; types of vaccines; OPV, Hepatitis-B vaccine, DNA vaccines, Edible vaccines; Application in agriculture: GMO for pest resistance, RNAi and dsRNA technology; Application in Medicine, genetically engineered products, gene therapy; Molecular diagnosis by PCR & ELISA; Transgenic animals: their physiology, biological products and their use for testing the safety of vaccine and chemicals; Bioethical issues; Human Genome Project.

Thanks.

complet syllabus for msc biotechnology

plz complete syllabus for msc biotechnology [1 semester me kitne subjects]

MODEL PAPER OF ICAR ENTRANCE EXAM FOR MSC ATLEAST OF 5 YEAR

syllayus for msc biotech entrance exam