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What is the process involved in the replication of d.n.a? ...please tell me what is it

hello friend,

in fig, DNA replication. The double helix is unwound and each strand acts as a template for the next strand. Bases are matched to synthesize the new partner strands.


The detailed process is explained bellow:

DNA replication. The double helix is unwound and each strand acts as a template for the next strand. Bases are matched to synthesize the new partner strands.

DNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA; it is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts when one double-stranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of the molecule. The cell cycle (mitosis) also pertains to the DNA replication/reproduction process. The cell cycle includes interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each strand of the original double-stranded DNA molecule serves as template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication.[1][2]

In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations in the genome, called "origins".[3] Unwinding of DNA at the origin, and synthesis of new strands, forms a replication fork. In addition to DNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA by adding nucleotides matched to the template strand, a number of other proteins are associated with the fork and assist in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis.

DNA replication can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases, isolated from cells, and artificial DNA primers are used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common laboratory technique, employs such artificial synthesis in a cyclic manner to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA.

You can refer to following books for further study:

^ Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND (2002). "Chapter 27: DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair". Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0.
^ a b Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2002). "Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination". Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
^ a b Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND (2002). "Chapter 27, Section 4: DNA Replication of Both Strands Proceeds Rapidly from Specific Start Sites". Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0.
^ Alberts, B., et.al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science, 4th ed., 2002, pp. 238-240 ISBN 0-8153-3218-1
^ Allison, Lizabeth A. Fundamental Molecular Biology. Blackwell Publishing. 2007. p.112 ISBN 978-1-4051-0379-4

for your more information you can log on to :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication