Education and Career Forum

Hello, i am doing MBBS currently.

I am interested in pursuing nanotechnology with respect to medical applications like nanomedicine etc.

Can anyone advise me regarding the scope and availability of courses for the same in India and abroad?

I would also like to know about the scope and courses available related to stem cells, genetics,biotechnology, pharmacology etc after MBBS.

Thank you.

It
is better off to approach
nanotech as a subsector to
other disciplines. Ranbaxy and
Reddy are doing some
premier work in nano drug delivery mechanisms which
would definitely suit your
interests.
list of clg in india0
National Institute of
Technology - Kurukshetra,
Haryana Punjab Technical
University - Jalandhar,
Punjab Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University -
Aurangabad, Maharashtra Sastra University -
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu Amity Institute Of Nano
Technology - Noida, Uttar
Pradesh Birla College - Thane,
Maharashtra Prist University -
Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu Lucknow University -
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Institute Of
Administrative Studies
College Of Management
Studies Allagadda Institute Of
Management Studies School Of Legal Studies COLLEGES ABR

Hi


Nanotechnology is the course which basically deals with the nano circuits, nano electronics, nano fabrics, IC's, Microprocessors etc. Its not related to the nano medicine. There is no such thing as Nano medical course.


You have confused the Nano technology course with the MBBS courses.

I must tell you that anything which is related to technology has to be on the Engineering stream. In fact Nano technology is one of the top courses in Engineering.


It has huge scope in the near future, and its basically a proper 2 years M.Tech course for the Electronics and Communication candidates.


Coming to your MBBS part, you can always do specialization in courses like ENT, Brain, Heart, Urology, Orthopedic studies etc..

If you want to go for the M.Pharmacy then I must inform you that its a medicine like and so you may apply for your Master's in that also.


Hope this helps

All the best


Regards
#RJ#

Originally Posted by balshine.singh

Hello, i am doing MBBS currently.

I am interested in pursuing nanotechnology with respect to medical applications like nanomedicine etc.

Can anyone advise me regarding the scope and availability of courses for the same in India and abroad?

I would also like to know about the scope and courses available related to stem cells, genetics,biotechnology, pharmacology etc after MBBS.

Thank you.

Hi nano technology not only in the field of electronics and electrical new advnce ment i field of dicie i.e stem cellss...
All the details as follows

But unfortunately the science with scope only in us ad uk only


Mainstreaming of this area is expected to result in paradigm shifts in various fields, from agriculture, environment and energy to medicines and diagnosis. More than 600 nano products are already available in the market, even though the technology is still in nascent stages


A gear chain with a mite approaching. Source: mems.sandia.gov
Can you imagine gold in a different color? Perhaps not, but this is possible, courtesy nanotechnology—the technology that has made it possible to not only reach the molecular scale of a material, but also manipulate it at this level. Nanotechnology, hailed as the next big revolution in the field of technology after IT and biotechnology, has enormous opportunities emerging in this area.

Nanotechnology exploits the fact that all materials at the molecular scale (1-100 nanometers [nm]) behave differently from when they are in larger form (a nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter). Nanomaterials have proved to be stronger, lighter and better conductors of electricity and heat. Nanopaint, for instance, does not allow dust to stick to its surface and will last for more than 100 years. With over 600 nanoproducts already in the market worldwide, the market for nanotechnology is growing, and is expected to touch US$1 trillion by 2015. Some Indian companies like Dabur, Nanoshel, MoserBaer and RGe have taken the lead in doing research on nanotechnology. UK-based Cientifica, a leading nanotechnology research firm, estimates that governments and companies across the world will start making an annual investment of over US $4 billion a year by 2010.

Nanomaterials and their properties
Materials with nano-sized particles, that is, articles up to 100 nm in size, embedded in them are referred to as nanomaterials. Nanomaterials inherit characteristics of nanoparticles and exhibit property enhancements like improved ductility, tensile properties and resistance to tear. Nanoparticles have a much greater surface area to volume ratio than their conventional forms and their quantum effects are also much different from when they are larger.

Nanomaterials, which can be of various shapes and forms, can be nanoscale in one dimension (as in surface films), two dimensions (as in strands or fibers) or three dimensions (as in particles). They can be classified into carbon -based, metal-based, dendrimers and composites. Carbon nanomaterials can be spherical or ellipsoidal or can be in the form of tubes. Spherical and ellipsoidal ones are referred to as fullerenes, while cylindrical ones are called nanotubes. Metal-based nanomaterials include quantum dots (Qdots), nanogold, nanosilver, and metal oxides like titanium dioxide. Nanocomposites are a combination of nanoparticles with other nanoparticles or larger bulk-type materials. Dendrimers are nanosized polymers seen as possible nanocarriers to ensure an effective delivery of drug to the specified cell.

Market Size Estimates (in US$)
Global (US National
Science Foundation) 1 trillion by 2015
Global
(Lux Research) 2.6 trillion by 2014
India
(ReportLinker) 100 million in 2008
Nanoproducts can be seen on sale in market in the form of wrinkle-free and stain-resistant textiles, longer-lasting paints, flash drives with huge memory spaces, sunscreens giving better protection against UV rays, longer-lasting tennis balls, and nano toothpastes. Samsung has introduced refrigerators, washing machines and air-coolers that use nanotechnology. According to the consumer product inventory maintained by the US-based Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN), the number of consumer products using nanotechnology has grown from 212 in March 2006 to over 600. According to PEN, over 60% of these products pertain to the field of health and fitness, which includes cosmetics. Nanoscale silver, according to PEN, is the most cited nanomaterial. Of the various products on its inventory it is found in over 20% of them. Carbon-based nanomaterials—carbon nanotubes and fullerenes—are the second most cited.

Nanotechnology Global Fact Sheet
Annual investment per year on R&D by 2010 $4 billion
Investment made so far in nanotechnology R&D $13 billion
Number of consumer products using nanotechnology Over 600
Sector with highest concentration of nanoproducts Health and fitness (over 60%)
Types of nanomaterials 1. Carbon-based: Carbon nanotubes, fullerenes
2. Metal-based: Nanosilver, nanogold, Qdots
3. Dendrimers
4. Nanocomposites
Most cited nano materials Nanosilver, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes
Minimum chip size available 32 nm (22 nm to be available by 2013)
Nanoparticle used to manufacture artificial heart valves Nanocrystalline silicon carbide
Patents granted in nanotechnology (till 2004) 5,340 in the USA, 2,559 in Europe, 1,220 in Asia
Applications
With nanomaterials widely available, a lot of options have opened up on the application side. Many projects promising huge dividends are ongoing in diverse fields, from electronics to medicine and from energy and environment to cosmetics and computers.

Application in electronics
The electronics industry has always been obsessed with producing the slimmest of microprocessors that can compute at faster speeds. Technological impediments make it difficult to manufacture such miniature microprocessors right now. These obstacles can be overcome using nanotechnology. Manufacturers can use nanocrystalline starting materials to create microprocessors with ultra-high purity, better thermal conductivity and durability.

Speaking at the recently concluded Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) conference on nanotechnology, IBM’s Kota Murali said, “We have chips of size 45 nm right now. By next year chip size can go down to 32 nm.”

Intel is expected to put 32 nm chips into commercial production by late this year and be ready with 22 nm chips by 2013.

Nanotechnology can also be used to synthesize nanocrystalline phosphors, which can not only increase the resolution of electronic devices like flat-panel displays and televisions, but also reduce the manufacturing costs of these devices. Flat-panel displays constructed out of Qdots have been found to possess higher brightness and contrast than the conventional ones.

Application in energy and environment
At a time when energy consumption is rising exponentially and fossil fuels are depleting, nanotechnology is seen as a panacea for all energy problems. Moser Baer’s Girirai Nyati says, “Next-generation energy devices have to be reliable alternative to fossil fuels, green, affordable and must have grid parity [self-sustaining without any government support].” For such energy devices, Nyati is looking towards nanotechnology.

It is quite possible that nano-based solar cells and fiber nano generators will turn into a reality in future, as companies like Moser Baer are working on prototypes. Nanotechnology can help develop better three-dimensional insulating materials called aerogels, which, if used in offices and homes, can help save power. They can also be used to manufacture high energy density batteries. Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries made of nanocrystalline nickel and metal hydrides are also being seen as alternatives to conventional batteries. These will require far less recharging and last much longer because of their enhanced physical, chemical and mechanical properties.

Research into automobile catalytic converters and power generation equipment where nanomaterials can act as catalysts to react with toxic gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide rendering them harmless are at advanced stages. This can help cut environmental pollution arising from fossil fuels in different forms. Ashok Bhaskarwar of IIT Delhi looks at the possibilities of electrodes and super capacitors being made from nanomaterials. A prototype spark plug design called railplug is already in place. It is stronger, harder and more wear and corrosion-resistant compared to conventional spark plugs. Bhaskarwar also talks of the possibilities of hydrogen storage through carbon nanotubes as a source of energy.


Page 2 of 2

Source: mems.sandia.gov
Medical Application
Nanomaterials can have wide applications not only in making nanomedicines, but also in diagnosis and in manufacturing better medical implants. Nanocrystalline silicon carbide (SiC), for instance, can be used to manufacture artificial heart valves, which are lighter, stronger, harder, wear-resistant and most importantly, do not react with biological fluids. Nanorobots, to help in treatment at a cellular level, are seen as possible in the future and is likely to bring about a revolution in the medical field. Currently 90% of medicines do not go to the affected cells, as S Mokhapaty of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), pointed out, speaking at the CII nanotechnology conference. He was of the opinion that nanomedicines were going to dominate the medical field in the next ten years.

Another area where nanotechnology can play a pivotal role is cancer treatment, both in its early detection and treatment. Dr Pradeep Jai Singh of International Oncology Services said at the CII conference that Qdots can be an effective tool for monitoring cancerous cells and providing a better understanding of their evolution. These can help detect cancer at early stages.

Nanotechnology: Scene in India
Government agencies supporting nanotech Department of Science and Technology, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Department of Biotechnology
Year of launch of Nano Science & Technology Initiative (NSTI) 2001
Chairman of NSTI CNR Rao
Amount earmarked for investment in between 2006 and 2011 Rs 1,000 crore
R&D expenditure by central government in the last five years US$ 50 million
Locations for nanoscience and technology institutes Mohali, Kolkata, Bangalore
Investment on setting up the first nanoscience and technology institute in Mohali Rs 142.45 crore (to be set up during 11th Plan period)
Investment by Intel for nanotechnology R&D in India US$ 250 million
Other applications
Nanotechnology can have other applications. Carbon nanotubes, for instance, can be applied in plastic, water purification, cosmetics, computer discs, textiles and bleach-making, says Abhishek Gupta of Nanoshel, one of the companies into manufacturing nanotubes. The technology is being used to manufacture sensors like smoke detectors, ice detectors on aircraft wings and automobile engine performance sensors. Carbon nanotubes can be used to develop nuclear, chemical and biological sensors also, as Dr Dipankar Banerjee of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) says. This can prove useful not only during wars, but also against possible militant threats. The technology, Banerjee says, can be used to manufacture sensors to detect minutest traces of other explosives as well. The DRDO is also using nanotechnology in the field of stealth and camouflage operations.

Nanomaterials are being applied to increase the fatigue life of aircrafts. Experimental results have proved encouraging as an increase in fatigue life by 200-300% has been registered. Research is also on to apply nanomaterials to make high-power magnets that can find use for a variety of purposes—from making quieter submarines, automobile alternators to land-based power generators, motors for ships, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medical diagnostics.

“It can take anywhere between five to 20 years for these applications to come out of research labs to markets,” says Prof. Kurt E Geckeler of the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.


Apart from nanoparticles, Bhaskarwar finds nanofibers to be quite promising as well. These are made from nylon, polystyrene, polycarbonate and other polymers through the electro-spinning process. They can measure anything from ten to several hundred nm, and are suitable for a various applications, ranging from air filtration to medical products and from consumer products to electronics.

Market size
Nanotechnology enthusiasts have gone on to make a number of predictions about its market size. The US-based National Science Foundation’s has predicted that the nanotechnology market may touch US $1 trillion by 2015. Speaking at the CII nanotechnology conference in New Delhi, Lalit Bharadwaj of the Central Scientific Instruments Organization said he would not be surprised to see the market cross US $3 trillion by 2015. According to Lux Research, sales of products incorporating nanotechnology will rise from less than 0.1% of global manufacturing in 2004 to 15% in 2014, totaling US $2.6 trillion. According to ReportLinker, Indian nanotechnology is estimated at US $100 million as of now, and is estimated to grow at over 35% per year.

Issues
Materials at a nano scale behave differently and need to be studied separately. Nanomaterials are human-made and concerns have been expressed that free nanoparticles inhaled or ingested can cause damage.
Some doubt the veracity of the claims by cosmetic manufacturers that nanoparticles in cosmetics do not penetrate the skin. It is also feared nanoparticles can enter the food chain and affect plants and animals.

The UK-based National Academy of Science has, therefore, asked to label these free nanoparticles as new chemicals and to conduct a study into potential hazards arising out of these.

The use of small sensors and powerful computers can lead to greater personal security and safety, but at the same time these very technologies can also be used to spy on people and raises concerns about civil liberties.

More than US $13 billion has been invested on R&D activities in nanotechnology, but not even a fraction of this is being spent on examining the potential environmental, health, and safety risks.

However, going by the figures as of now, these predictions seem unlikely to become a reality, and it's no surprise these have been dismissed as pure hype by experts, alleging they are based on a highly inflationary data collection and compilation methodology.

“Nano has become a brand value in itself. There is a new tendency to use ‘nano’ with whatever you manufacture,” says T Ramasami, secretary to Department of Science and Technology. Many, including Ramasami, allege that while calculating the market size people include every product that has anything to do with nanotechnology, however minuscule they may be, adding up the entire value chain. For instance, a medicine worth US $100 may have 10 cents of nanoparticle in it. But while estimating the market size of nanotechnology, it is counted as US $100. Some companies, as Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) executive vice-president M Vidyasagar says, are not finding the market lucrative enough to commit to commercial production.

Government support
Vidyasagar considers government support vital in the field of nanotechnology. As capital costs and time required for the success (or failure) of a project is huge, he says, “Innovative Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models have to be evolved to keep the interest of private partners alive in nanotechnology projects.”

Three government agencies, the Department of Science and Technology, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of Biotechnology, have come forward to support nanotechnology programs in the country. According to official figures, the government has spent US $50 million over the past five years to promote R&D in this area. R&D in India are going on at the top 20 premier institutions thatinclude the likes of the Indian Institute of Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Indian Institute of Technology and universities like Anna University and University of Delhi. Nano science and technology institutes are also coming up at three places—Mohali, Kolkata and Bangalore. Industries, however, apart from a few, have not shown keen interest in investing on R&D in nanotechnology ignoring appeals made by different nanotechnology institutes. Some like Intel have pledged to invest US $250 million on this front in India.

Conclusion
Nanotechnology is a new science and it is a capital-intensive one. It requires an equal partnership of private and public players. Private players have responded positively as can be proved by the presence of over 600 nano products in the market. This is further supported by the increasing number of patent applications seen in the field. According to a 2007 report by Ernst & Young, about 5,340 patents had been granted till 2004 in the USA, 2,559 in Europe, and 1,220 in Asia. Nanotechnology is actually seen as an elixir to overcoming several life-taking human diseases on one hand, and can also help increase crop production on the other. Together this seems a perfect recipe for the advancement of humankind. Governments across the world have also been supportive and India is no exception What is needed is more encouragement to industries to not only invest in research on their own, but also participate with research agencies at the university level to get the best of results.

All the best for you..

Nanotechnology is derived from the combination of two words Nano and Technology. Nano means very small or “miniature”. So, Nanotechnology is the technology in miniature form. It is the combination of Bio- technology, Chemistry, Physics and Bio-informatics, etc.
Nanotechnology originated in India around 16 years back. It is in its early development phase and therefore the industry keeps a keen watch over the students who pursue M. Tech. in nanotechnology. There are several career opportunities for such students in domestic as well as international markets.

This new sphere of scientific innovation has a broader scope. Several Indian institutes have introduced degree courses in Nanotechnology at both the UG and PG levels. The areas covered in the Nanotech are Food and Beverage, Bio- Technology, Forensic Sciences, Genetics, Space Research, Environment industry, Medicine, Agriculture and Teaching.
The three chief divisions of Nanotech are Nanoelectronics, Nanomaterials, and Nano-Biotechnology. The implications of Nanotechnology in India can be found in the field of telecommunications, computing, aerospace, solar energy, and environment. However, Nanotech’s major contribution can be seen in the computing, communication and, medical field.
Nanomedicine is the most important field of Nanotechnology. The nano level gadgets and materials are used for diagnosing and treatment of diseases. Nano-Pharmacology has generated a specific category of smart drugs that affect negligible side effects. The use of Nanotech has also helped in the detection of narcotics and fingerprints of the suspected criminals.
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, also known as CSIR has set up 38 laboratories in India dedicated to research in Nanotechnology. This technology will be used in diagnostic kits, improved water filters and sensors and drug delivery. The research is being conducted on using it to reduce pollution emitted by the vehicles.
Looking at the progressive prospects of Nanotechnology in India, Nanobiosym Inc., a US-based leading nanotechnology firm is planning to set up India’s first integrated nanotechnology and biomedicine technology park in Himachal Pradesh. Nanotechnology has certainly acquired an essential position in the Indian Economy and Scientific Research Department and it is expected to reach the pinnacle of Development thereby making India a role model for the countries of the world.

hi,m completed my mbbs with 2 yr experience....wants to do some onlinenonclinical medical course or job after mbbs...so can you giv me any suggestion.
thank you
Dr.sapana bhutada

Originally Posted by balshine.singh

Hello, i am doing MBBS currently.

I am interested in pursuing nanotechnology with respect to medical applications like nanomedicine etc.

Can anyone advise me regarding the scope and availability of courses for the same in India and abroad?

I would also like to know about the scope and courses available related to stem cells, genetics,biotechnology, pharmacology etc after MBBS.

Thank you.

HI!
After M.B.B.S in my opinion you go for M.S/M.D if will give you more benifit as compare to other course.

You can do M.S in:-
> Ophthalmology
> Gynecology
> E.N.T
> Orthopedic

You can do M.D in:-
> Pathology and Microbiology
> Pharmacology
etc.

ALL THE BEST!

I'm doing B.Tech mechanical now.I'm interested to do M.Tech Nano science and Technology in Medicine after my B.Tech. So that I want to know the future of M.S. Mechanical and M.Tech Nano Medicine?